Fight Club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fight Club - Essay Example The story is a distortion of core US obsession culture of consumerism, therapy and violence because the movie initially offers fighting as remedy and male bonding exercise in hope to re-masculine men castrated by consumerism. The understanding in the movie never seeks to resolve personal dissatisfaction within the public sphere; but rather suggests that organization is feasible via private and violent expressions. However, the brilliant representation of violent acts in the disruptive way offers a way of inciting discourse regarding gender identity and violence, which leaves space for public discussion. The movie tends to open this space, regardless of its critique because violence offers a way of analyzing culture dictated by consumerism and commercialization and showing the challenges associated with normal gender relations. Hence, fight club seems to be a necessary way of discussing the gender identity and the generation of white masculinity. The fight club presents the discipline of violence as a therapy for masculine powerlessness and such a discipline prepares a man for pain essential to contest social power in job, relationship and conceivably in the large socio-political arena. The cleverness in the movie leaves one with the feeling of powerless and insensitive as the movies plays with serious problems within the society; even though, it does not offer any resolution. The movie tweaks the discourse because qualities of discarded objects are significantly brought to life in the film as they are animated in the relation between use of value and exchange of value. However, the movie illustrates capitalism by the struggle within domains of use and exchange and defends the use of value and exchange of value in a manner consistent with moderate defense of capitalism. At its best the boxing movie offers suffering as a way of attaining insight instead of endorsing pain as an avenue of power and appropriates conflict within the movie. The value of the movie lies in its power to stir people and force them to contemplate their own lives in a crucial way and then decide if the individuals have chosen reasonable option to undergo change. Although, the movie does not offer answers, which remains the single reason the movie is disdained, the movie aims at evoking the right concerns and motivating the people to act. Fight club offers a contemporary emotional wasteland and ridicules people fledging attempts to cope exemplified when Jack wakes while on business flight and meets Tyler, who offers a different solution that involved blowing out apartment, learning to strike and taking a hard punch and relishing the pain. In the movie, boxing translates to pain, which is essential in liberation because the movie advocates that through willingness to embrace suffering, one can overcome fear and exercise power that would culminate in resurrection of one’s masculinity. Members of the club engage in knock down aimed at making individuals feel good t hrough fist fights and the club soon attracts disciples who consider Tyler to be their leader. Tyler take the mission of urging followers to reclaim masculinity through renouncing possessions, stale routines and comforts by expressing their rage through bloody, bare-knuckle fistfights. The movie’s triumph is paradoxical because one overcomes powerlessness through channeling anger in bare-knuckle fights that regenerate the psyche while battering the body. Hence, power in the movie arises from self-immolation because at night the desire to hit and be hit

Once You Open Your Eyes Essay Example for Free

Once You Open Your Eyes Essay When a human being is a victim, they need to have courage and follow their ways, no matter what others say. Jem and Scout see people become victims of prejudice, rumors, poverty, and other atrocities in their own little town, as they grew older. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the children learn life lessons from witnessing people striving to survive different situations within Maycomb. When a challenge causes one to struggle, the children see that person, or themselves, have to have courage to do as they have before. Jem and Scout see their small town judge the Radleys, but the Radleys still do what they have done for as long as any single person can remember. They never talk to their neighbors or open their doors and windows on Sunday. Since they have odd habits, from other’s perspectives, and keep to themselves, citizens of Maycomb start rumors about them, saying â€Å"Radley pecans [will] kill you† (Lee 9). These rumors criticized the Radleys and made people afraid of them. Calpunia had something to say about them, stating one day that Mr. Radley was â€Å"the meanest man God ever blew breath into† (Lee 12). Since he was â€Å"mean,† that held more rumors to be made about them. The stories make children believe Boo was locked up in a damp basement in the courthouse for years and is now chained up in his house. The Radleys stay the way they are; despite the rumors, remaining removed from human contact. The Radleys are victims of misunderstanding and people’s cruel stories â€Å"unwilling to discard their initial suspicions† (Lee 9). Jem and Scout witness the Radleys to stick to their ways since they go against the crowd, despite society’s wants. The Finch children begin to notice many children’s families are victims of poverty, especially the Cunninghams, but the Cunninghams are different; they never take charity or have to depend on others. The Cunninghams are one of the poorest families in Maycomb, but they have the strongest determination to survive; and are the hardest workers. They have a great deal of pride and are respectable people. â€Å"‘The Cunninghams never [take] anything from anybody, they get along with what they have,’ † states Scout (Lee 20). Walter Cunningham would not even take a quarter of a dollar to buy a lunch because of how he was raised. The Finch children realize the Cunninghams are a brave family to live under their circumstances and not accept anyone else’s charity. If one does not accept others’ charity, they suffer more and do not always know when they are receiving their next paycheck. It is scary to not know these things, but the Cunninghams are proud and brave when to not accept the offerings of other people. The Finch children understand this from listening to Atticus talk about the Cunningham family. Tom Robinson suffered because of people and their prejudice beliefs. He also suffers from others misdeeds and died as innocent as a mockingbird. Jem becomes a victim when Tom Robinson was found guilty. He realizes the court does not always work. Jem became a victim of the system’s flaws and shortcomings. He used to believe that the court always worked, but learned it did not, when a jury found a clearly innocent man guilty. This crushed him, but it made him grow up and learn to accept things like this, because when maturing, one has to realize the world isn’t perfect. He had to have courage to accept this factor in life. It is a atrocious crime to take a persons life to merely keep the truth in the shadows; but with the pain of Tom’s death blooms a new hope of equality for the town of Maycomb, with just a baby step. Like all other children, Scout and Jem have to face all the challenges of growing up, but they have to keep going on with their lives, no matter what problems arise for them. Scout experiences the challenges of growing up when her aunt moved in. She criticized Scout for wearing pants and not acting in a lady-like manner, but that was only a small problem, and Scout stayed herself. She kept wearing pants and speaking her mind because she wanted to be an individual. Scout is surprised by prejudice, while going up. She was not aware that prejudice existed. She witnesses others victimize each other because they are different, either because of their color, friends, how they act, or many other reasons. She learns and sees this happen when listening to neighbors gossip about the Radleys, her teacher bad-mouth African Americans, or even her own self be criticized by the way she speaks her mind. Scout does not understand why people are like this, putting labels on certain types of people, like African Americans, saying â€Å"all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted around our women† (Lee 204). Scout knows that not all people are perfect. She has to accept that some humans do not always treat others with kindness. Both Jem and Scout have to be brave and deal with the changes in the world. Scout and Jem learn from people, or themselves, when they are victims of different situations, but they are still brave. Atticus points out that real courage is when someone goes through life, still fighting, even if they are victims of prejudice, rumors, lies, hate, misunderstanding, or life’s shortcomings; to not give up even if you’ve already lost . Jem and Scout learn to keep their ways, adjust, and not judge people without knowing the full truth about them. They hope for the world to be a more understanding place.

Compare Passage A, which is a transcript in which a women working in a :: English Literature

Compare Passage A, which is a transcript in which a women working in a pub, talks about the different managers she has worked under, and passage B, which is an extract from, Odour of Chrysanthemums, a short story by D H Lawrence. Upon reading both passages I can clearly view numerous comparisons and differences. Initially, the subject, (meaning of the text) is extremely different in both extracts. Passage A is a transcript in which a women working in a pub, talks about the different managers she has worked under. Whereas passage B, is an extract from, "Odour of Chrysanthemums", a short story by D H Lawrence, set in the midlands. The passage describes how Elizabeth Bates seeks help from her neighbors one evening, when her husband fails to return home after work. The purpose of the two passages are also extremely diverse, passage A is a transcript, and basically she is informing a group of people or a fellow colleague about her previous managers in comparison to the manager she works under now. For instance she informs the other by telling her how she can get away with things while under her temporary manager, 'were all walking around with four lighted cigarettes in our hand and having a drink off everyone that gives us one. The second passage is there to entertain a particular group of people interested in D H Lawrence's writing. The use of descriptive writing engages the audience brains, in-order for them to carry on reading, 'He stood perplexed'. The audience in passage A is very informal, I believe that she is having a general chat with a fellow worker, because the level of speech is quite informal, 'that's the main thing like isn't it you know', I feel that it is interpersonal, the speaker and listener are in close proximity. While extract B, in my opinion will have an endless audience, because it can be seen over thousands of miles and thousands of years. I believe that the audience will benefit a particular age group, quite elderly people, who understand the particular dialect used. The genre itself is very different as well; principally passage A is a simple review of past and present mangers in which the worker has come across. Whereas on the other hand passage B is a suspenseful story, basically a thriller. You can identify this because of the language used throughout the text. "I don't like leaving the children in bed, and nobody in the house," she said. From this you notice that something eventful has occurred in which has permitted her to leave her children at home by them selves.

The Greek Economy Essay -- Greek History, Persian War, Marathon Men

The Greek economy was a result of the combination of slaves, citizens and Metics. The Metic, however, was the driving and most important force behind the Greek economy. The slave was used only when seen fit. The citizen saw work as below the dignity of a free man. He left to others the labors that he was unwilling to perform himself. Firstly, it must be noted that any prejudice against manual labor among the Greeks was of comparatively late origin. Certainly, in the Homeric age, to labor with one’s hands was no disgrace. The prowess of Odysseus comes to mind, who was a mighty worker and built his own house and even his own bedstead. (Hom. Od.13, 31-34) There was no prejudice against manual labor in the time of Solon either, who decreed that a father must see that his son be taught a craft. (Plut. Solon, 22) To what then must be attributed the prejudice against manual labor in the latter part of the fifth and throughout the fourth century B.C.? Before we go on, it must be noted that most of our evidence on Greek civilization comes from literary works. The majority of which comes from Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Plato and Aristotle. While they cover all aspects of the Greek world, they concentrate more on political, military and diplomatic history, in particular, that of Athens. This gives us a biased and prejudiced view of both the own author’s opinions and that of the Athenian society. As such, any evidence must be treated with caution, and while we cannot say with complete certainty that what they say is true, through the comparison of multiple works we are able to draw conclusions that are sound and reasonable. It arose after the Persian wars, when the â€Å"Marathon Men† were glorified, and the life of the sold... ... part of the citizens is easy to find. As the Metics were allowed no political rights whatsoever, nothing was to be feared from them and everything to be gained from having them as numerous and wealthy as possible, as a convenient source of revenue by which the life of the citizen was made easy and pleasant. It is naà ¯ve to generalize that; â€Å"Greek civilization itself was based upon and made possible by slavery.† I acknowledge the amount of slaves, if anything the prevention of a creation of a trade union due to the prevalence of slave labor is tantamount to the number of slaves. But as I have shown, Greek economy was not dependant upon them. They were a big factor, especially in the low skilled industries, but by no means were the main feature in Greek economy. If anything, the Greek economy was dependant on the existence, exercise and effluence of Metic trade. The Greek Economy Essay -- Greek History, Persian War, Marathon Men The Greek economy was a result of the combination of slaves, citizens and Metics. The Metic, however, was the driving and most important force behind the Greek economy. The slave was used only when seen fit. The citizen saw work as below the dignity of a free man. He left to others the labors that he was unwilling to perform himself. Firstly, it must be noted that any prejudice against manual labor among the Greeks was of comparatively late origin. Certainly, in the Homeric age, to labor with one’s hands was no disgrace. The prowess of Odysseus comes to mind, who was a mighty worker and built his own house and even his own bedstead. (Hom. Od.13, 31-34) There was no prejudice against manual labor in the time of Solon either, who decreed that a father must see that his son be taught a craft. (Plut. Solon, 22) To what then must be attributed the prejudice against manual labor in the latter part of the fifth and throughout the fourth century B.C.? Before we go on, it must be noted that most of our evidence on Greek civilization comes from literary works. The majority of which comes from Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Plato and Aristotle. While they cover all aspects of the Greek world, they concentrate more on political, military and diplomatic history, in particular, that of Athens. This gives us a biased and prejudiced view of both the own author’s opinions and that of the Athenian society. As such, any evidence must be treated with caution, and while we cannot say with complete certainty that what they say is true, through the comparison of multiple works we are able to draw conclusions that are sound and reasonable. It arose after the Persian wars, when the â€Å"Marathon Men† were glorified, and the life of the sold... ... part of the citizens is easy to find. As the Metics were allowed no political rights whatsoever, nothing was to be feared from them and everything to be gained from having them as numerous and wealthy as possible, as a convenient source of revenue by which the life of the citizen was made easy and pleasant. It is naà ¯ve to generalize that; â€Å"Greek civilization itself was based upon and made possible by slavery.† I acknowledge the amount of slaves, if anything the prevention of a creation of a trade union due to the prevalence of slave labor is tantamount to the number of slaves. But as I have shown, Greek economy was not dependant upon them. They were a big factor, especially in the low skilled industries, but by no means were the main feature in Greek economy. If anything, the Greek economy was dependant on the existence, exercise and effluence of Metic trade.

Shapes of Ice

Shapes of ice do depend on how fast they felt, no doubt about it. Here is what people ask. â€Å"Does the shape of an ice cube affect the rate at which the ice cube will melt?†, and the answer to that question is a definite yes.Have you ever looked at an ice cube and just watched it melt?It is surprisingly very, very interesting. All of us have better things to do besides that, but if you have, you won't regret it. Anyway, the answer to that experiment is yes because it is scientifically proven. Many scientists in the world have wondered this same question, and they all have turned out to get the same answer. When these people finally got their answer, they all have gotten close, if not the exact same answers if they have chosen the shapes to form. Scientists have done this experiment in many ways, such as choosing different shapes to form and melt, choosing the amount of water to freeze, and the temperature of the room they have to melt the cubes.( University of Illinois, 2007). One important thing that is looked at is the scientists' hypotheses. Many scientists' hypotheses are very different, knowing it is an educated guess, but the end result shows they all come up with nearly the same answer, and that is the rectangular ice cube will melt the fastest, no matter how large they make the cube. ( Zimmermann, 2017). The most complicated question behind this experiment is why is it the rectangular shape that melts the fastests. The rate at which the ice cubes melt is also called the fusion rate. Ice melts when a warmer medium, such as air or water comes into contact with the ice surface. Also, in order to know exactly which shape melts the fastest, they need to have the same volume, or the experiment will be pointless. An important thing to know is the greater the surface area, the quicker the ice cube will melt. Other people's experiments have been slightly different than what we have here, but they are known to choose the rectangular shape as one of their shapes the majority of the time. (â€Å"Ice Melting†, 2013). It also states that each scientists went through about the same struggles during the process of the experiment. ( l Zimmermann, 2017.). The most simple struggle was getting the particular shape out of the container without having it break or making it deformed. Because the shapes weren't the normal shape, it is tricky to get it out of the ice cube tray. Many scientist have had a question, and that is the exact opposite of the question people usually deal with. Not how fast they melt, but how fast they freeze. All in all, the rectangular shape, because it is flat and has more surface area than the others, will melt the fastest. If you think and picture in your mind, the larger the surface area is, the more heat will get to it at the same time, and of course heat melts ice. ( David Zimmermann, 2017.) ( â€Å"Shapes of Ice Cubes†, n.d.)

Free Essays on The Embalming Of Mr. Jones

Jessica Mitford wrote a book, entitled â€Å"The Embalming of Mr. Jones,† about the malpractices of funeral homes. The specific excerpt that I read described how bodies are embalmed. She wrote this to explain to the general public, who at the time were uneducated about what happens in funeral homes, about the exact way a body is embalmed and placed for display. Her book brought a better awareness to what really goes on in funeral homes. This made the government realize they must be more involved with what goes on, because funeral homes are just like any other businesses in addition to that they can increase the chances of creating a public health risk. Embalming is a practice that has been done for ages. I believe that modern-day embalming techniques work splendidly. I have attended four funerals in my life, and each of the deceased looked so peaceful and healthy in their caskets. This appearance is really one of allusion, but it is worth it because of the comfort it provides for the deceased’s loved ones. Viewings are just a nice tradition. If we stopped having viewings, what would happen to the bodies of the deceased? They would be stored in a morgue until placed in a casket and buried. This reminds me too much of the past practice of tossing dead bodies, wrapped in sheets, into burial pits. It just seems too cold and uncivilized. On the other hand, when I asked my family their opinion on embalming and viewings, the consensus seemed to be â€Å"Viewings are for the living.† My mother, in particular, was most against it. She did not understand what the purpose was of draining a body of its blood and filling it up with chemicals. She figured all you needed to do was put an excess amount of make up on to make the deceased look more alive. I explained to her what I read in Jessica Mitford’s essay about embalming, but she still stuck to her opinion. Despite my family’s reaction to my questionings, I know that no... Free Essays on The Embalming Of Mr. Jones Free Essays on The Embalming Of Mr. Jones Jessica Mitford wrote a book, entitled â€Å"The Embalming of Mr. Jones,† about the malpractices of funeral homes. The specific excerpt that I read described how bodies are embalmed. She wrote this to explain to the general public, who at the time were uneducated about what happens in funeral homes, about the exact way a body is embalmed and placed for display. Her book brought a better awareness to what really goes on in funeral homes. This made the government realize they must be more involved with what goes on, because funeral homes are just like any other businesses in addition to that they can increase the chances of creating a public health risk. Embalming is a practice that has been done for ages. I believe that modern-day embalming techniques work splendidly. I have attended four funerals in my life, and each of the deceased looked so peaceful and healthy in their caskets. This appearance is really one of allusion, but it is worth it because of the comfort it provides for the deceased’s loved ones. Viewings are just a nice tradition. If we stopped having viewings, what would happen to the bodies of the deceased? They would be stored in a morgue until placed in a casket and buried. This reminds me too much of the past practice of tossing dead bodies, wrapped in sheets, into burial pits. It just seems too cold and uncivilized. On the other hand, when I asked my family their opinion on embalming and viewings, the consensus seemed to be â€Å"Viewings are for the living.† My mother, in particular, was most against it. She did not understand what the purpose was of draining a body of its blood and filling it up with chemicals. She figured all you needed to do was put an excess amount of make up on to make the deceased look more alive. I explained to her what I read in Jessica Mitford’s essay about embalming, but she still stuck to her opinion. Despite my family’s reaction to my questionings, I know that no...

AfricanAmericans in the Civil War essays

AfricanAmericans in the Civil War essays The foundation for black participation in the Civil War began more than a hundred years before the outbreak of the war. Blacks in America had been in bondage since early colonial times. In 1776, when Jefferson proclaimed mankinds inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the institution of slavery had become firmly established in America. Blacks worked in the tobacco fields of Virginia, in the rice fields of South Carolina, and toiled in small farms and shops in the North. Foner and Mahoney report in A House Divided, America in the Age of Lincoln that, In 1776, slaves composed forty percent of the population of the colonies from Maryland south to Georgia, but well below ten percent in the colonies to the North. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 provided a demand for cotton thus increasing the demand for slaves. By the 1800s slavery was an institution throughout the South, an institution in which slaves had few rights, and could be sold or leased by their owners. They lacked any voice in the government and lived a life of hardship. Considering these circumstances, the slave population never abandoned the desire for freedom or the determination to resist control by the slave owners. The slave's reaction to this desire and determination resulted in outright rebellion and individual acts of defiance. However, historians place the strongest reaction in the enlisting of blacks in the war itself. Batty in The Divided Union: The Story of the Great American War, 1861-65, concur with Foner and Mahoney about the importance of outright rebellion in their analysis of the Nat Turner Rebellion, which took place in 1831. This revolt demonstrated that not all slaves were willing to accept this institution of slavery passively. Foner and Mahoney note that the significance of this uprising is found in its aftermat...

student Essays

student Essays student Essay student Essay Final Exam Case for 2215 December 5 2013 The following case will be used for the 2215 Final Exam. The chapters that will be referenced in the exam from the ORGB textbook are: 12Leadership; 1 5-0rg Structure and Design; 16- Culture and 17- Managing Change. There will be 5 questions worth 6 marks each. Heidi Weigand Chapters ZAPPOS. COM: ARE CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY THE SUPER HIGHWAY TO THE FUTURE? Zappos. com isnt the first business venture pursued by entrepreneur Tony Hsieh. He cofounded LinkExchange shortly after graduating from Harvard with a computer science degree. LinkExchange allowed amateur Web publishers to barter for dvertising by agreeing to publish 1 one anothers ads. LinkExchange proved to be a successful business venture, but Hsieh became 2 depressed because the work was no longer fun. When it was Just five or ten people, it was a lot of fun. We were working around the clock, no idea what day of the week it was, sleeping under our desks, says Hsieh. 0 [Continuing, he explains,] [w]e hired all the right people in terms of 3 skill sets, but by the time it was 100 or so, I dreaded going to the office. Hsieh increasingly felt that the people he had hired were not committed to the ventures ongterm growth. 0 Work, which once had felt liberating, had become a chore. He resolved that his next company would not be about a short-term payday. It would be about long-term growth, 4 about creating a place to which he and his employees would want to come every day. 5 At the age of twenty-four, Hsieh sold LinkExchange to Microsoft for $265 million. He used the money to help fund his second company, which was cofounded in 1999 with Alfred Lin, a Harvard classmate. Called Venture Frogs, the business was a venture capital firm investing in start-up businesses. A few of Venture Frogs investments ystem OpenTable?but as the dot. com bubble burst, most struggled to survive, and some were shuttered. Hsieh had been attracted to investing because it seemed to bring all the fun of start-ups on a larger scale; instead, it became a treadmill of meetings full of bad news. 0 What Hsieh wanted, he realized, was the unstructured fun of a 6 new company. As he puts it, I wanted to be involved in building something. One of the start-ups funded by Venture Frogs was the online shoe store Shoesite. om, founded in 7 San Francisco by Nicholas Swinmurn. Reflecting on Shoesite. com, Hsieh says, It was the most 8 nteresting opportunity, and the people were the most fun. Hsieh invested $500,000 in Shoesite. com, Joined the company, and subsequently renamed it Zappos. By the summer of 2000, Hsieh and Swinmurn were co-chief executives, and Zappos was operating out of Hsi ehs 9 living room. Zappos grew rapidly and soon was moved from San Francisco to Henderson, 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M. Chafkin, Get Happy: How Tony Hsieh Uses Relentless Innovation, Stellar Service, and a Staff of Believers to Make Zappos. om and Ecommerce Juggernautoand One of the Most Blissed-out Businesses in America, Inc. 31(4) (May 2009): 69. Ibid. J. M. OBrien, Zappos Knows How to Kick It, Fortune 159(2) (February 2, 2009): 56. Chafkin, Get Happy, 69. OBrien, Zappos Knows, 56. Chafkin, Get Happy, 70. H. Coster, A Step Ahead, Forbes Oune 2, 2008), forbes. com/global/ 2008/0602/064. html (accessed June 20, 2009). Chafktn, Get Happy, 70. Chafkin, Get Happy, 70; Coster, A Step Ahead. Nevada, Just outside of Las Vegas. When Swinmurn left the company in 2006, Hsieh became the 10 sole chief executive. The Zappos Culture 11 Zappos. This distinctive culture is built upon a foundation of ten core values that all Zapponians?the name that Zappos personnel give themselves?follow in their work lives. These values are as follows: 0 deliver WOW through service; 0 embrace and drive change; 0 create fun and a little weirdness; 0 be adventurous, creative, and open-minded; 0 pursue growth and learning; 0 build open and honest relationships with communication; 0 build a positive team and family spirit; 0 do more with less; 0 be passionate and determined; and 12 0 be humble. 3 Defining core values as a company is one thing. Performing them on a daily basis is another. So, how does Zappos put its core values into practice? First and foremost, Zappos builds its 14 culture, brand, and business strategies on these core values. Developing and maintaining the Zappos culture starts with the hiring process. Tony Hsieh says, [t]here are plenty of candidates who would be great individual contributors, bu t if they are not a cultural fit we would not hire them. we want people who are eager to live the Zappos lifestyle 15 and promote the Zappos culture?not a typical nine-to-five office employee. Culture building continues after the hiring process is over. In fact, it is an important ingredient of everyones Job. [A] passion for having fun is the unwritten requirement n everyones Job 16 description. And annually, the company publishes a Culture Book in which many of the associates explain what the Zappos culture means to them. Moreover, Zappos bases half of an 17 employees performance review on how well he/she has lived up to the companys values. Another important way in which the Zappos staff lives the companys core values is by striving to maintain the firms reputation for developing lifelong customer relationships. According to 10 14 15 16 17 Coster, A Step Ahead. Anonymous, Business: Keeper of the Flame; Face Value, The Economist 391 (8627) ulture/zappos-core-values (accessed Jun e 20, 2009). C. S. Cross, Dot. com Distribution, Industrial Engineer 40(11) (November 2008): 52. Zappos Core Values, http://about. zappos. com/our-unique-culture/zappos-core-values (accessed June 20, 2009). C. Gentry, cultural Revolution, Cham store Age 83(12) (December 2007): 32 and 34. Gentry, Cultural Revolution, 32. (April 18, 2009): 75. Hsieh, [i]f you get the culture right, you dont need to come up with a policy and procedure for 18 everything. Technology at Zappos While organizational culture drives Zappos. com, technology supports that culture nd the work of all Zappos employees in delivering great customer service. A prime example of the role that technology plays is provided by the Zappos distribution center (DC). Zappos has one central warehousing/distribution location rather than numerous regional sites. Physically situated in Shepherdsville, Kentucky, the DC is close to the United Parcel Service (UPS) World Port, the main air hub of UPS in Louisville. This enables Zappos to fill orders less than two hours after they are placed and to take advantage of the UPS late-night pickup 19 schedule. Craig Adkins, vice president of fulfillment operations for Zappos. om, explains the companys reasoning for having one central DC as opposed to a distributed network with several regional locations. Zappos would have to carry more inventory to spread it across multiple facilities. 0 If we were spread out throughout the country, we would be regionally closer, but we would actually be no closer to the customer than we are now. 0 If, for example, I had a building in Reno, and I wanted to serve my customers in California from there, I can actually get goods into 20 Los Angeles faster from Louisville than I cou ld from Nevada. How does technology nable the DC to contribute to fulfilling of the core value: Deliver WOW Through Service? It starts with the companys information technology, nearly all of which is developed in-house, linking its storage and shipping systems to the e-commerce site through a 21 central database. Inside the DC, all incoming shipments from suppliers are unpackaged immediately and placed on pickable shelves. This helps to make inventory management, product distribution, and customer ordering processes integrated and seamless. Craig Adkins explains, There are a million individual SKUs and 4 million items in inventory, so heres no need for a deep level of reserve storage. If you see it on our web site, its on our shelf. If the last item sells out, it comes off the web site automatically. We dont do back orders. Its a live inventory system, which almost 22 nobody does. A recent technological leap forward at the DC was the installation of 72 Kiva robots at a cost of $5 million. The Kiva bots pack 12 percent of the shipped items at the DC, based fulfillment process, says Adkins. The labor costs are 50%, and electrically its only using half as much 18 19 20 21 S. Murphy, Culture Conscious, Chain Store Age 83(9) (September 2007): 55. W. Hoffman, From Bricks to Clicks, Journal of Commerce (December 22, 2008), http:// www. Joc. com/node/408765 (accessed June 9, 2009). P. Barnard, The New Big Thing: Super-size DCs, Multichannel Merchant 25(11) (November 2008): 51 . M. Zager, Zappos Delivers Service With Shoes on the Side, Apparel Oanuary 2009), http:// www. apparelmag. com? ME2/dirmod. asp? sid=23B258090 (accessed June 9, 2009). Ibid. power as our old system. The Kiva bot system allows the Zappos DC to ship a pair of shoes 24 in as little as eight minutes. The Kiva system is extraordinarily flexible and can be adapted to other product lines s Zappos expands. The system can be reconfgured very easily, and it can be moved to any geographic 25 location. Craig Adkins describes the companys experience with the Kiva bots with enthusiasm and a definite view to the future: We were amazed that Kiva transformed our new warehouse from bare concrete to fully operational readiness? with trained supervisors and associates?Just four months after we signed the purchase order. Were already working on designs to cube out the 26 building with Kivas mobile fulfillment system (MFS) on the multi-level mezzanines. This case was written by Michael K. McCuddy, The Louis S. and Mary L. Morgal Chair of Christian Business Ethics and Professor of Management, College of Business Administration, Valparaiso University. C. Steiner, A Bot in Time Saves Nine, Forbes (March 16, 2009), http:// www. forbes. com/forbes/2009/0316/040_bot_times_saves_nine. html (accessed June 20, 2009). 24 25 26 Chafkin, Get Happy, 68. W. Atkinson, Robotics in Action sidebar to The Future Is Flexible, Modern Materials J. Teresko, Getting Lean with Armless Robots, Industry Week 257(9) (September 2008): 26. Student Essays Student Essay Student Essay Documented Opinion Essay TopicsTopics:   Choose a topic from your college major or career plan. Look in current newspapers and magazines for an area of contoversy or interest. The list below includes suggestions.   Brainstorm a list of ideas about your topic and begin to form ideas for developmentEducationHow does a college education prepare students for work   in the career you have chosenIs it better for government on private groups to provide services, such as schools or recycling, in your area of interestStudents at public colleges pay about one-fourth the cost of their education.   Who pays the rest? Is the subsidy justified?   Should students in your major be required to pay more?   Why or why notWhat math and writing skills are needed for success in your profession?   What GPA is requiredHealthcareGiven all the evidence that smoking is harmful, why do people continue to smokeWhy are Americans the most overweight people in the worldHow much should people exercise?    How can we get them to exercise moreShould physicians be prevented from intentionally providing people with the means to commit suicideShould nurses be allowed to write prescriptionsShould mail-order pharmacies be legalAre healthcare professionals motivated by money or concern for helping othersSmall businessWhat incubators are available in the Atlanta area and what advantages do they offerWhat factors are involved in franchisingTo what extent do Atlantas traffic problems limit its economic potentialGovernmentWhy does the United States have a higher rate of crime than almost all other advanced countriesShould states legalize gambling to raise more revenueJournalismWhat restrictions, if any, should news reporters observe in their investigations and reportingAre internet file-sharing services in violation of copyright lawsDocumented Opinion Essay TopicsCOMPUTERS IN MODERN LIFE1. We are becoming increasingly

The Impact of Native Americans in Today's Society Research Paper

The Impact of Native Americans in Today's Society - Research Paper Example Currently, there are a wide variety of tribes and ethnic groups that come under the descriptor of Native American. Since the arrival of the Europeans, there has been a progressive and steady degradation of the Native American culture, with little evidence or indications in the present day of their culture. Throughout the history of the country there have been numerous examples of the race being mistreated, ignored and treated as the same or less than the Europeans, rather than as a distinct race with its own traditions. This has had widespread consequences for the remaining individuals of Native American origin. Studies have shown an increased rate of suicide, social issues and violence within Native Americans as a consequence of unresolved historical grief. One suggestion has been to incorporate more Native American culture into the lives of these people to help them heal and understand their grief and their own histories. Early Conflicts The culture of Native Americans before the i mmigration of European colonists to the country was that of hunter-gatherer societies, where cultivation of many staple crops was also carried out. History was carried from one generation to the next by stories and oral traditions. Unlike European society, which was patriarchal in nature, and held the concept of individual ownership of property and land, the Native American society focused on land use for all of the community. This difference in approach and culture as well as changes in the alliances that different groups held resulted in high levels of conflict throughout the history of America. There were numerous conflicts between the Native Americans and the British government. Native Americans were not content to sit and watch their own rights be taken away, and they acted to ensure their own interests, both in the diplomatic and in the economic sense1. The introduction of Europeans to the Americas had large effects on the Native Americans, resulting in the deaths of many numb ers of individuals, as well as a long-lasting history of racism, prejudice, and loss of tradition2. The first experience that the fledgling government of the United States had with the Native Americans was during the Revolutionary War. It was important for the government to ensure the support of Native American tribes in the war with Great Britain. Failing this, the next most important factor was ensuring the Native Americans remained neutral, i.e. they did not fight against the United States. This brought the first use of treaties between Native Americans and the United States government into being. Following the revolution, the relationship between the United States and the Native Americans was irrevocably changed.

Jury system of United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Jury system of United States - Essay Example As in the book "On the Grand Jury", the indication taken from "United States v. Calandra in 1974" that Supreme Court says about the jury system that its purpose is not only to investigate possible criminal conduct but also to act as a "protector of citizen against arbitrary and oppressive government action" and to perform this action jury "deliberates in secret and may determine alone the course of its inquiry". Though this is very much true that without thorough investigation the jury server are not intent to ensnare the crime with deserving prosecution or claiming them for their deeds or warranting the prosecutors for being innocent. Jurors are authorize to dismiss any person in the government incase if not serving the country sincerely. It's their duty to listen the person who is accused by the prosecutors and the person selected to be the government employee or brought in the country is secure from any inducement. Jurors are the first protectors of citizens and for the people who are accused by the law unconstitutionally. In an article by James W. Gilchrist, Jr. quoted the idea of juries in Virginia Colony is, "When the case was given to the jury, it was locked up without food or water until it reached a verdict. A juryman could not leave his fellows until a verdict was reached, which, as one writer noted, made prolonged disagreement practically unknown." Ans. Mangna Carta is a si... When the several jurisdictions to pass local Imperial Acts legislation came to consider which statutes to include as part of the received Imperial statute law of the jurisdiction, they all included Magna Carta. As several of these statutes are relatively recent, and all of them the product of 20th century consideration, they represent a judgment by law-makers that the linkage with Magna Carta should be maintained in contemporary law, even if only for sentimental rather than practical reasons. In the cases of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand, many of the problems of identifying the relevant chapters of Magna Carta that apply have been solved by local Imperial Acts legislation. In all cases the legislature has not only indicated which version of Magna Carta applies that enactment is part of the statute law of the jurisdiction. Nevertheless, there are some minor differences between these jurisdictions to be noticed, especially in the case of the Australian Capital Territory, where the relevant text of the 1297 statute includes the preamble. In New Zealand, while schedule1 of the Imperial Laws Application Act 1988 (NZ) only refers to chapter 29 of the statute of 1297, the version reprinted for reference in the Reprinted Statutes of New Zealand includes the preamble to Magna Carta 1297. It follows from such legislation that no other chapters in the version of 1297, and none of the provisions of any of the earlier versions of Magna Carta, are part of the law of the jurisdictions in which Imperial Acts legislation is in force. This has not, however, prevented consideration of the legal origins of ancient offices and show that the

Medical Group Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Medical Group Analysis - Essay Example Different points of view of each group contribute to establish a level on which each group functions or does not function, and to see how interaction in the group and interaction of that group with the society has an influence in the efficiency of medical care. The importance of each group can be observed through close analysis of its interaction with society and itself. Therefore, two important aspects can be differentiated. The micro-level interaction in the groups explains the working conditions, while at a macro level it explains their purpose in society and the potentials and problems of globalization. Although modern nursing was created a little more than a hundred years ago, mostly by the enormous contribution of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War, the foundations of nursing were laid many centuries before the publication of the first nursing guidelines. Nursing and its formation as a science is closely related to and must be placed within a sociological perspective; the desire to help the sick and injured is a continuing sociological phenomena, dating back to the formation of the first civilizations. A fine example is the effort of nuns and other clergy during the middle ages, which essentially performed the duties of modern nurses. Society and science may have changed over the ages, but the necessity for a specific medical group that cares, both for the physical and psychological well-being, of the sick is always present. The 1.3 million registered nurses working in hospitals in the United States, and the ever growing demand is a natural results of the necessity of nu rses (Steinbrook, 2002). Much research is done into the micro-level interaction of nurses and nursing groups in hospitals in order to determine the effectives of the latter. Most of the research was performed through participation observation, and according to one research, it was determined that the hours of nursing care provided by registered nurses is proportional with better care for hospitalized patients (Steinbrook, 2002). Also, the larger number of registered-nurse-hours per day or licensed-nurse-hours per day is associated with a lower rate of failure to rescue critical patients. Studies have also reported a correlation between higher levels of staffing by nurses and lower mortality and lower rates of other outcomes. According to another research, however, conducted amongst surgical patients, no evidence was found of an association between in-hospital mortality and the proportion of registered-nurse-hours, leading to the conclusion that mortality is not connected with good care of nurses but with oth er health care group. If we observe two different hospitals, where we can determine the symbolic interaction between different nursing groups, we are supposed to consider other unmeasured factors with higher levels of staffing by registered nurses or other unmeasured characteristics of the hospitals' nursing work force. The level of staffing by nurses is an incomplete measure of the quality of nursing care in hospitals. Other factors, such as effective communication between nurses and physicians and a positive work environment, have been found to influence patients' outcomes. The outcomes for which we found

Strategic Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Managment - Essay Example Lack of a specific strategy is a "surefire ticket for organizational drift, competitive mediocrity, internal wheel-spinning, and lackluster results (Thomson 2002)." Second, Thomson argues that business entities need to devise and implement strategies, as the efforts of all the functional areas in the company should be molded into a "coordinated, compatible whole." A comprehensive strategy takes all the business units into account making each action mutually supportive. Without a well-laid out strategic plan, there will be no basis for uniting the efforts of all the functional areas, no clear direction on the business decisions and plans that the business takes, and no conscious business model for profit generation. Strategic management is therefore one of the most crucial areas in management. Coming up with a specific strategy, which will be the basis of company's actions, processes and decisions is a must. A well-crafted strategy is indispensable to the company's long-term success. It is therefore important that a business entity comes up with a unique strategy tailored for the achievement of its goals and objectives. Devising a purposeful and efficient strategy is a tedious task and managers should be armed with different techniques in diagnosing the company in order to prescribe the "right" strategy. Different models are employed to aid managers in this strategy making process. This paper will look at the two models, which are typically employed by managers in order to ascertain the needed strategy for the company namely, value chain and SWOT analysis. In order to fully look at the strengths and limitations of these models, they will be utilized to assess the performance of Dell Incorporated, one of the leading computer manufacturers and distributors. I. COMPANY PROFILE: DELL, INCORPORATED Michael Dell, who is also regarded as the computer industry's longest tenured chief executive officer, founded Dell Computer Corporation in 1984. Later in 2003, the company changed its name to Dell, Incorporated. The company is one of the most famous manufacturers of computer worldwide, which caters to the needs of individual and corporate clients with a very unique business concept (About Dell 2004). Dell Incorporated is headquartered in Rock Round, Texas. Dell, Inc. and its subsidiaries are actively involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, and support of a range of computer systems and services worldwide. The main business activity of Dell is in the provision of products and services to customers, which enables them to establish their information technology and Internet infrastructures. Dell offers a wide array of products and services to its clients. The company's broad product line incorporates enterprise systems which includes servers, storage, workstations, and networking products; client systems, such as notebook and desktop computer systems; printing and imaging systems; and software and peripherals, including titles, monitors, plasma and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) televisions, MP3 players, handhelds, and notebook accessories (Dell Inc. 2005). Aside from these products, Dell also offers a wide range of services, including information techn

Deconstruction paper on the book GUTS Coursework

Deconstruction paper on the book GUTS - Coursework Example n the book â€Å"Guts- Companies that Blow the Doors off Business-as-Usual† as an excellent source of leadership models and success stories, which can best illustrate the essential leadership strategies for the current business environment. Some organizations or individuals sometimes surpass our highest expectations when the way they manage downward spiral goes unusual, gutsy, and notably innovative. The post-9/11 success story of South West Airlines is an example for such a gutsy stance taken at the time of dramatic business downturn (Kevin & Freiberg 2004, p.11). In addition to theoretical aspects, such success stories with practical evidence have considerable impact on business world because they tend to force entrepreneurs to review their present strategies. The concept implied in this work is that though diverse workforce and elements are to be integrated with an organization, group objectives of the company is of primary importance; and at the same time, it is essential to notice if the workers are guided to the best effect of the organization with right motivation. Leadership with such sense of motivation ‘leading through words, inspiring through trust and empathy’ (Bennis 2009, p.159) - is not only needed for business organizations, but they are useful also for large scale non-profit organizations or voluntary service sectors. ‘Guts’ meets the required standard of a reference book that contains both conceptual and practical conviction on leadership to a new entrepreneur. Given below is the vision statement of the non-profit organization I would initiate in future. The organization will use all potential tools that fit with its core values in order to integrate essential socio-economic, ethnic, and cultural ideals so that the total program will meet the highest standard in all interpersonal relationship with its benefactors, stakeholders, volunteers, beneficiaries, and the public as a whole. According to Kouzes & Posner (2007, p.227), this

Strategic Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Managment - Essay Example Lack of a specific strategy is a "surefire ticket for organizational drift, competitive mediocrity, internal wheel-spinning, and lackluster results (Thomson 2002)." Second, Thomson argues that business entities need to devise and implement strategies, as the efforts of all the functional areas in the company should be molded into a "coordinated, compatible whole." A comprehensive strategy takes all the business units into account making each action mutually supportive. Without a well-laid out strategic plan, there will be no basis for uniting the efforts of all the functional areas, no clear direction on the business decisions and plans that the business takes, and no conscious business model for profit generation. Strategic management is therefore one of the most crucial areas in management. Coming up with a specific strategy, which will be the basis of company's actions, processes and decisions is a must. A well-crafted strategy is indispensable to the company's long-term success. It is therefore important that a business entity comes up with a unique strategy tailored for the achievement of its goals and objectives. Devising a purposeful and efficient strategy is a tedious task and managers should be armed with different techniques in diagnosing the company in order to prescribe the "right" strategy. Different models are employed to aid managers in this strategy making process. This paper will look at the two models, which are typically employed by managers in order to ascertain the needed strategy for the company namely, value chain and SWOT analysis. In order to fully look at the strengths and limitations of these models, they will be utilized to assess the performance of Dell Incorporated, one of the leading computer manufacturers and distributors. I. COMPANY PROFILE: DELL, INCORPORATED Michael Dell, who is also regarded as the computer industry's longest tenured chief executive officer, founded Dell Computer Corporation in 1984. Later in 2003, the company changed its name to Dell, Incorporated. The company is one of the most famous manufacturers of computer worldwide, which caters to the needs of individual and corporate clients with a very unique business concept (About Dell 2004). Dell Incorporated is headquartered in Rock Round, Texas. Dell, Inc. and its subsidiaries are actively involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, and support of a range of computer systems and services worldwide. The main business activity of Dell is in the provision of products and services to customers, which enables them to establish their information technology and Internet infrastructures. Dell offers a wide array of products and services to its clients. The company's broad product line incorporates enterprise systems which includes servers, storage, workstations, and networking products; client systems, such as notebook and desktop computer systems; printing and imaging systems; and software and peripherals, including titles, monitors, plasma and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) televisions, MP3 players, handhelds, and notebook accessories (Dell Inc. 2005). Aside from these products, Dell also offers a wide range of services, including information techn

The Counter Culture and Social Revolution of the 1960s Research Paper

The Counter Culture and Social Revolution of the 1960s - Research Paper Example Prominent people in the 60s had launched the great changes that people enjoy today. That decade served as the basis for further changes and advancement that contributed to the progress of people globally. The whole decade of 1960s had significant events that led to a less rigid and limiting social system in the next decades. The fight for changes occurs around the world and some of those efforts were done violently and with confusion. The reaction of the people of that decade was filled with anger as they expressed their insights on the stiff societal system. Farrell then stated that the 1960s can stand out among other decades as it staged the rebellion of people especially the youth from the rigid 1950s. He also said that the root of that rebellion was the progressive modernism that started before the emergence of World War (16). The fight against the rigid social system did not only take place physically but also intellectually as literature had been used as an avenue for opening t he eyes of the public about the issues being faced by the society in that time (Cart 21). Cart also added that popular writers of 1960s detailed the events that made people take action as they fight for their complicated desires and motives (21). Those motives drove people as they did not give up for the fight they had. Hammond took notice of the critical thinkers that came out also in that decade as they thought of ways on how to prevent themselves from having too much of everything (175). She also added that balance had been sought in the pursuit of knowing the identity of own selves (Hammond 175). Despite of the pursuit for balance and self-identity, rigid rejection occurred against the dictated standards set forth by the older generation (Rielly 21). The 1960s also prevented the prevalent status quo to influence them by using rage that might have led to violence. People were unashamed and fearless as they brought out the sensitive topics that were once considered taboos. On top of that, the strength shown by those people came from the earlier fights against discrimination and conventional social system that were recorded in history (Bell 120). It can be rooted from the 1895 and 1914 modernist revolutions (Riley 58). Artistic revolution then occurred in that period as visual artists, musicians, poets and novelists went out of the traditional rules of making their own genre as they explore freely with their own form of art (Rielly 127). The self-image was also a prominent ideology in the 1960s as new point-of-views came out in the process as Roger Shattuck identified the ideology and process through his work called The Banquet Years as traditions discriminated people and how those people coped up with their situation (Bell 121). That decade focused on the welfare of the commoners like the youth and oppressed as they fought for their rights within the strict norms of the society. The paper would focus on the cultural changes and social revolutions of the 1960 s especially the massive efforts and resistance that people had done in that decade. After all, the people of the latter decades and generations owe the freedom being enjoyed to the people behind the events in the 60s that influenced the adjustments upon the social system. The 1960s was also named as the Swinging Sixties as many ups and downs took place in that decade that created many innovations and long-lasting effects to the lives of people worldwide (Palmer 179). The awareness in the global arena came to existence in the same decade as the younger generation did not conform to the beliefs and customs created by the older generations (Curran and Seaton 185). The whole decade then had produced the technological advancement that catered the needs

Seek feedback Essay Example for Free

Seek feedback Essay Seek feedback from people that you know about a task that you regularly carry out. This might be a task that you carry out at work. If so, you should seek feedback from employees, clients and colleagues. Alternately, this might be a task you carry out in your day-to-day life, such as driving a car or making dinner. If so you should seek feedback from friends and family members. How would you ensure that the feedback you receive is useful? How would you use this feedback to identify and develop ways to improve competence in the task you have selected? I have recently been learning to drive a manual car and have been getting lots of feedback from my instructor each lesson I have. While I already no how to drive automatic my focus is mainly based on driving the actual car itself. The feedback I receive is always positive on weather it is something I have done well or need to work on. They include: †¢1st gear I need to practice taking off in first gear as I tend to stall a lot, I can do this by feeling the point of which the clutch grabs and the car starts moving without acceleration. At this point I can then slowly accelerate and release the clutch simultaneously †¢Clutch – again feeling the point of which the clutch grabs. †¢Gear transitions – I need to work on smoother gear transitions whilst in movement. This is done with practice, watching revs and taking my time. †¢Stopping – working on coming to a stop by using my engine, this is done by knowing what limits a certain gear has and when I can drop back without revving the car to high as this could cause damage. †¢Changing gear while turning a corner – this is difficult at first as you are trying to not only steer but also change gears with the other hand. Also just takes practice. †¢Reversing – I have the same problem here as in first gear as I am just dong the opposite. Just need to know where the point of grab is in my clutch. By continuing to have lessons and perhaps finding a family friend to teach me also, with enough practice I should be able to master the task of learning to drive a manual with ease. I can insure that the feedback I receive is useful by : †¢Asking for specific examples, rather then generalisations. †¢Ask for explanations on their feedback they have given. †¢Ask for information on specific situations.

Software Engineering Ambiguities And Omission Computer Science Essay

Software Engineering Ambiguities And Omission Computer Science Essay Ambiguities and omission are statement that can be explained in number of ways. For example, the following statement is ambiguous. The operator identity consists of the operator name and password; the password consists of six digits. It should be displayed on the security vdu and deposited in the login file when an operator logs into the system. According to the question there are so many ambiguities and omission can be found in the given scenario. The main ambiguities and omission includes in given scenario as follows: The structured approach described in study text can be dividing as follows: Preface, introduction, glossary, user requirement definition, system architecture, system requirements specification, system models, system evolution, appendices, and index. The first category of structured approach is preface. In this stage should define the expected readership of the document and describe its version history, including a rationale for the creation of a new version and a summery of the changes made in each version.  [2]  In the second stage of structured approach is the introduction. In this stage this should describe the need for the system. There should be a brief explanation about its functions and will it works with other systems.Acooding to the given scenario the ticket machine is made for perches rail ticket quickly rather than waiting in the que to perches rail ticket. When the user enters the start button he can chooses the destination. After selecting the destination user can se e the availability of trains ,train time, what kind of trains available(slow or fast,overground or underground train).When the customer chooses the destination,train,and the time user can purchases the rail ticket by paying card or cash. In the next stage of the structured approach which is user requirement definition, needs to define the services provide for the user. User requirements can be explained as follows: When user enters the start button he should abele to see the destinations. When the destination chooses he should be abele to see the train time and the ticket price. If the customer confirms the selected destination he should be abele to pay by card or cash. If the customer wants purchases more than one ticket their should be a option to select the numbers of ticket .After that customer should abele to chooses the payment method (cash or card).If the customer user wants to pay by card he should abele to input the card. After input the card if the user change his mind and wants to pay by cash there must be option to cancel the payment method as a card and choose the payment method as cash. If the customer paid by cash change and receipt must be given. The next stage of structured approach involves to given scenario is system requirement specification. This should explain about the functional and non functional requirement s in detail. According to the system requirement the system should be able to display the destination when the user selects the start button. When the customer chooses the destination system should be abele to display the availability of trains, time.and price. If there are no trains for chosen time system should be abele to display the alternatives (eg; replacement bus services). When the customer selects the train the system should be abele display the payment method (cash or card).According to the scenario user can only pay by credit card or cash, but the system should be able to take debit cards as well. Because most people use r debit cards more than credit cards).If the user input a card before choosing the payment method or input a invalid card system should abele to displays the error massage. If user has been paid by cash system should able to gives the change back. After purchasing rail ticket by card or cash, the system should able to print the valid ticket to chosen destination and abele to provide the receipt for the payment which has been done? The next stage of the structured approach is System models, which has been don in question (e.) .The last stage which involves to given scenario is system evolution. This refers to the fundamental assumptions on which the system is based and anticipated changes due to hardware evolution, changing user needs.etc..(Eg: if the user wants to purchases the ticket online at home he should be able to log in to the system and purchases the train ticket. (c.)Write the user requirements definitions. The user requirements for a system could be divided to functional and non functional requirements, because it helps to the user to understand the system without technical knowledge. User requirements are defined using natural language, tables and diagrams as these can be understood by all users. There are so many problems can be generated when requirements are written in natural language. Lack of clarity It is something difficult to use language in a precise and unambiguous way without making the document wordy and difficult to read. Requirements confusion- Functional requirements, non-functional requirements, system goals and design information may be clearly distinguished. Requirements amalgamation- Several different requirements may be expressed together as a single requirement User requirements can be defined as: the software must provide a means of representing and accessing external files created by other tools.  [3]  According to the above scenario user requirements can be explained as follows. When the user presses the start button he should be able to choose the options (For example customer selecting a specific destination, the destination is in which zone, etc) When the customer chooses the destination user should be able to find out the train times and what kinds of trains (fast train or slow train, underground train or over ground train) are available for that time. If trains are not available or delays at that time user should be able to find out the alternatives such as when is the next train available?, Is there any replacement bus service available?, etc.. After choosing the destination, train and the train time, user should able to see the ticket price. User should able to choose the payment method (card payment or cash payment) to purchases the rail-ticket. If the user wants to pay by cash he should able to enter the cash and confirms the cash payment. After confirming the cash payment, rail ticket should be printed and receipt for the payment and change needs to be given. If the user wants to pay by card he should able to input the credit card or debit card and enter the validation pin. User should be able to get the rail ticket and the receipt after payment has been made. (d.)Write the system requirements specifications. System requirements are expanded versions of the user requirements that used by software engineers as the starting point of the system design.  [4]  Normally they add details and explain how the user requirements should be provided by the system. According to the given scenario software requirements can be highlight as follows: When the user enters the start button the system should be able display the destinations. When customer chooses the destination the system should be displayed the train availability, what kind of trains available (fast, slow train or over ground, underground) of chosen destination and the departures time. If there are no trains available at that time the system should able display saying that there are no trains available at chosen time enter the more option button to check the alternatives. When the alternatives selects system should be abele to display the alternatives(eg.take the replacement bus 472 towards London bride and take the northern line towards Morden -estimated time 1 hour and 32 minutes) If the trains available, after the choosing the destination and the departure time, the system should be able to display the ticket price for the all kinds of trains. For example if the user wants to take underground train within zone 1-6 the travel card will be  £6.30. When the customer selects the ticket type for the chosen destination the system should be able to display the payment method (pay by card or cash). If the customer chooses the payment method as cash system should display how much user needs to pay totally and also should display a massage saying input the cash for perches the ticket) When the customer input the cash the system should be able to charged exactly for the ticket price and change need to be given. Because most of the time users do not keep exact amount for the ticket.mostely they keep  £10 or  £20 notes. If the customer chooses the payment method as card he should confirmed the payment method as card and needs to input the card. When the customer enters the pin the system should abele to verify the card and take the money from users account, but the card is invalid there should be a error massage should be displayed saying you have entered a invalid card please enter the valid card. I f the validation is successful system should de abele to charge from uses account and provide the receipt. (e.)Draw a sequence diagram showing the actions performed in the ticket-issuing system. You may make any reasonable assumptions about the system. Pay particular attention to specifying user errors. Sequance diagram (f.)Write a set of non-functional requirements setting out its expected reliability and its response time. Requirements that are not directly concerned with the specific functions delivered by the system known as none functional system requirements. None functional requirements are not only concern with the software system to be developed, some may concern with the process that should be used to develop the system. There are three non-functional requirements. They are Product Requirements: Which specify the behaviour of the product? Ex: how fast are the system executed and how much memory dose it requires? Speed can be measured by processed transaction, event response time and screen refresh time. Organisational Requirements: requirements driven by polices and procedures in the customers and developers organisation. Ex implementation requirements such as the programming language or design method used. External requirements: Requirements that are driven from factors external to the system and its development process. Also the time that the user take to get familiar with the system and number of help forums that are available, robustness of the system , how much time it take to restart the system in case of a failure occurred. Reliability that measures mean time to failure. Rate of failure accuracy availability and portability of unavailability. Portability of percentage is non-functional requirements that are important when designing a ticket issuing system. (g.)Develop a set of use-cases that could serve as a basis for understanding the requirements for ticket-issuing system. Use Case (h.)Briefly describe the requirements validation process. Discuss all the checks that you have to perform to validate the above requirements in ticket-issue system. Requirement validation concern with the specification of the system that customer wants is functioning according to the requirements. Requirement validation also examines the specification to ensure that all software requirements have been stated unambiguously; that inconsistence, omission and errors have been identified and correct them. Following checks have been carried out on requirements Availability checks Since this is a ticketing system that is used by public. There are multiple users with multiple requirements. Therefore the requirement validation should be favourable for all users. However some users may find there requirements are fulfilled and some may not. Consistency Checks There should be no contradictory constrains or descriptions of the system function. Completeness Checks To check all the requirements have been achieved Realism Checks Once the requirements being gathered it is important to check that the system can be implemented with the current technologies and also it is possible to finish the project with the given time period with the allocated budget. Verifiability To reduce the potential of dispute between customer and contractor, system requirements should always be written so that they are referable (i.)Create a semantic data model for the above scenario. Data model (j.)What is the impact if when the customer pays cash, he is allowed not to have the exact amount? According to the given scenario if the user pays by cash he needs to pay the exact amount. For example if the rail ticket is  £6.30 user must pay exactly  £6.30.Specialy the cities like London most people dont carry change with them they keep  £5,  £10 or  £20 notes. It is a user requirement to get the change back if the user inserts cash more than exact amount. System should abele to give the change back. However in the real life most of the ticket machines, if you put cash you get the change back.

Binge Drinking Among College Students :: Alcohol Abuse Essays

Binge Drinking Among College Students   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all know what it is like to wake up in the morning, with our head aching, and our body feeling like it was just hit by a train. College students world wide know this feeling. These are the results of binge drinking. The question of why college students continue to submit themselves to alcohol is unknown. While many reasons are given, the cause generally falls into one of three categories, peer pressure, insecurity, or to help solve there problems. But the one thing students don’t realize are the consequences and effects that binge drinking can have, health and social problems are just a few.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main reasons students feel the need to binge drink is peer pressure. They do this because their peers are doing it and they want to fit in better. College dorm rooms offer many different places for students to drink. Dorm rooms give a great place for a few people to get together, and before you know it â€Å"everybody’s doing it†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insecurity is another incentive to why students binge drink. Drinking alcohol has been a large part of society for many years. People find that it is easier to meet people when they have been drinking. Drinking has also been used as a way to get close to some one. There are also many social events drinking has created. There are cozy bars â€Å"where every body knows your name,† cocktail parties, and the high school favorite, house party.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students also binge drink to help them solve there problems. They turn to alcohol to aid themselves with hiding their feelings and numbing there pain for a while â€Å"We’ll talk over a beer,† is something that people will say when they need to talk about something. In english terms this means lets have a beer and forget all our problems. Problems that range from, stress from school work, stress from a significant other, or even stress of home life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effects of binge drinking go far beyond short term memory loss and â€Å"hangovers†. Binge drinkers miss class, get behind on school work, engage in unplanned sexual activity, have run-ins with police, and get injured or hurt.

Huckleberry Finn - Conflict Between Society And The Individual Essays

The theme of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn is that the ideas of society can greatly influence the individual, and sometimes the individual must break off from the accepted values of society to determine the ultimate truth for himself. In Huckleberry Finn's world, society has corrupted justice and morality to fit the needs of the people of the nation at that time. Basically, Americans were justifying slavery, through whatever social or religious ways that they deemed necessary during this time. The conflict between society and Huckleberry Finn results from Huck's non-conformist attitude. This attitude is a result of his separation from society at an early age. With a highly abusive drunkard for a father, Huckleberry Finn is forced from childhood to rely solely on himself. As a result of this, he effectively alienates himself from the rest of society. Society continues to try to "reform" him, but Huckleberry Finn shows his lack of appreciation in that effort from the very beginning of the story when he says, "The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied." His actions are based on instinct and his own experience, rather than conventional conscience. As a result, he makes up the rules for himself as he goes along, forming a conscience that is keenly aware of society's prejudices but actions based on that which he has experienced. Ironically, ofte...

The Lion King

According to French and Raven, individuals have five sources of power by which they can induce others to behave in accordance with their wishes. These five sources of power are coercive powers, reward powers, legitimate powers, expert powers, and referent powers. In the movie, Lion King, an alpha male, the king of the jungle, which is a Lion name Mufasa, is killed by his jealous older brother Scar. The planned death only worked due to the manipulation of Mufasa’s son, Simba, by Scar. After Mufasa dies, Simba runs away and Scar takes control of the Pride Land. Years later Simba returns to the Pride Land to tell everyone the truth, take back the control of his late father’s, once, great land, and to return it to its former nourishing state. So exactly what do these powers have to do with a Disney Movie? Let’s find out. Coercive power is the power to force someone to do something that they do not want to do. This force could be either physical or mental torture. In the movie the The Lion King, when Scar takes over the Pride lands he uses coercive powers to make the lionesses hunt for the food and to hold other dictatorial powers. In the movie, Scar even goes as far as hitting Simba’s mother, because she compares him to Simba. He thrives on instilling fear. Reward power is the power in which you are able to get what you want because of bribery. The person that holds this power is the one who can control the other by giving them exactly what they want. The reward can be anything, that the person who is being bribed desires. Also, this is not always negative. In the movie Nala, Simba’s childhood friend, finds him after he has left his home for so long. She asks Simba to return home, but it is evident after repeatedly asking that he does not want to return. So she uses reward power, even though the Pride Land is not her possession, she tells Simba that he needs to return and if he does he can take back the Pride Lands and rule it as his father once did. And because of this logic he returns. The next power is called a legitimate power, it is very self explanatory. This person holds a legitimate power, but only due to status. The person, though, forgets that the people he or she is ordering around is not obeying them, but their status. Scar is again a perfect example of this. When he became the King of the Pride Lands he didn’t realize that his subjects did not respect him, but his position. He kept this respect in his position, by using coercive powers, which is very common in legitimate power. Referent Power is a person possesses characteristics that makes someone else aspire to be like them. Therefore this person is willing to do whatever the person they aspire to be like wants them to do. This power can be either positive or negative. Mustafa and Scar both possessed referent power when it came to the young impressionable cub, Simba. In a positive aspect, Simba aspired to be as great as his father, hence the song â€Å"Oh I Just can’t wait to be King. † He also, in a more negative note wanted to be accepted by his uncle Scar. This is how Scar was able to manipulate Simba into tricking his father to follow him to the canyon, where Mustafa fell to his death. The last power is expert power. This power is exhibited when the person has knowledge that someone else wants. The most prominent example of this power, throughout the entire move would be Rafiki, the baboon. He was the king’s advisor, led Simba back to the right path, and then became Simba’s advisor, once he became king. According to Katz an outstanding leader must possess these three skills: technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Technical skills are when the person understands specific work and activities and are able to excel in them. Human skills are when the leader is able to work well with other people, they are able to exchange ideas and work together towards one goal. Conceptual skills are when the person is able to put ideas into actions. However, not everyone is perfect; most people don’t possess all of these skills. If I had to choose one of the skills that a leader must possess, it would have to be human skills. Now it is possible for a leader to be in charge without possessing human skills but things tend to work better if the person heading the community or organization is able to get along with his citizens and co-workers. If the leader is able to get along with other people then there will be no need for real conceptual skills because his subjects and co-workers will come up with ideas that he will be able to work out with others to put into place. In the movie, Mustafa possessed human skills; everyone in his kingdom liked him. Therefore, it was easier for him to run his kingdom, unlike Scar. Scar ran the kingdom, but did not have that human skill which made it hard for him to completely have the kingdom on his side. Thus, the kingdom was ready to fight against him as soon as Simba returned because they didn’t like Scar; he didn’t possess that human skill. Some people believe that if your kingdom loves you, the respect will come and then is when you will become a good leader. This was the leadership styles practiced by Mustafa and his son Simba. They treated the other animals with respect and that respect was returned allowing the kingdom to run peacefully. Scar, on the other hand, had a different agenda’ he just needed to instill fear in his subjects to receive respect. But in actuality, it made them hate him, this did not help him in the end, when Simba returned, his subjects were eager to fight against Scar. If an enemy undermines a leader sometimes he doesn’t realize the leader’s support system. A prime example exhibited in the movie is when Scar undermined his brother Mustafa. Scar assumed all he had to do was kill Mustafa and the kingdom would just come to him, but he undermined Mustafa’s support system, his wife, Simba, Rafiki, and the rest of the kingdom, once Simba came back the entire kingdom rebelled. An organizational leader should use all three of the skills that they need to posses to their utmost ability. An organizational leader should always keep their enemies close. The worse the enemy the closer he should be kept so you can know what they are up to. As anyone who has experienced life knows it is not wise to run away from your problems. It is always best to confront them. If you do not confront or resolve they will eventually catch up with you. The same holds true for a leader. A leader must never run from their problems, because all they are doing is prolonging the problem. This makes it worse because when you prolong a problem now the likelihood of others being influenced negatively increases. Such is the case in this movie. When Simba fled his homeland eventually his problem caught up with him because he did not nip it in the bud, (confront it). Instead he chose to run from it. When his father was killed he should have stayed and told his people what really happened. When Simba ran he actually made the problem worse because it allowed his uncle, Scar (who was actually the problem) to lie to the people and claim the throne. The people did not trust or respect Scar and his bad leadership showed in the famine that spread through the kingdom. When Simba finally went back and confronted his problem, (his uncle) the kingdom was restored. Just as in the movie, effective leadership is seen as being positive and ineffective leadership is seen as being negative; the same applies to leadership in business organization. The analogous outcomes in business organization that are associated with effective and ineffective leadership respectively are financial success and growth of the company especially global expansion and the company being in financial debt and downsizing.

Epifanio de los Santos Avenue

How shameful a Filipino would be, not knowing his nations own history. The history that brought his parents and his own freedom. Who would even forget the sacrifices that former President Corazon â€Å"Cory† Cojuangco Aquino had given not only for her own good but also for the improvement of the next Filipino generations. Corazon Aquino had been known because of her nonviolent revolution held at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue Quezon City, Metropolitan Manila , with the help of 2,000,000 Filipino citizens as well as several political, military and religious figures, such as Cardinal Jaime Sin who had push their way for a democracy from the hands of an authoritarian President. This revolution had last for four days it is popularly known as EDSA Revolution or People Power and also named as Yellow Revolution because of the scattered yellow ribbons. This protest had been brought by the years of corruption in Marcos government. This history had been shortened and summarize for the leaders of this nation to realize the importance of the freedom that they’re enjoying now, not only for the leaders but also for the citizens of this nation. No one wants to suffer the pain that other countries have to suffer just for them to get there freedom. No one wants to be a slave or to be a prisoner that can be raped, tortured, and can even be killed, killed by the same color, the same nationality and by the same blood that runs through the veins of every Filipino. No one will never give up his or her own freedom just for money, for jewelry and not even for power. No one don’t want to lost it even the highest leader of this nation would not give it off. Remember the quote â€Å"The Filipino is worth dying for†? This quote is given Benigno â€Å"Ninoy† Aquino Jr. when he was interviewed about the death threats his receiving from the military and other pro-Marcos group including former First Lady now Congresswoman of Ilocos Norte Imelda Marcos. August 21, 1983, after a three-year exile in the United States, he was shot at Manila International Airport now known as Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA). His assassination gave shock to many Filipinos, who lost confidence in the Marcos Administration. His assassination caused the economic problems of the country to deteriorate even further, and the government plunged further into debt. And by the end of the year, the country was bankrupt, and the economy contracted by 6. 8%. The assassination of Benigno Aquino also gave Corazon Aquino the guts to continue what her husband had started. â€Å"Money is the root of all evil† seems that it’s true. Even now in the present we hear news about the execution of witnesses and deaths of innocent citizens just to cover up the sins of a suspect or even a leader who wants to eliminate his opponents.

What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student Thesis Proposal - 1

What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student expectations and performance - Thesis Proposal Example oposed research will play a significant role in enabling educators to improve the process of standardized testing that may result in a positive impact on students’ performance rather than vice versa. Research Questions In order to collect data, the researcher has identified following questions that will enable the researcher in fulfilling abovementioned aims and objectives of the proposed research: You need to paste your questionnaire here LITERATURE REVIEW The statement â€Å"What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student expectations and performance?† has come under many studies, researches and theories since it is one of the most vital and significant subject of concern for the youth of twenty first century as they are living in the world of paramount competition. This topic has been under constant discussions and disputes with many controversial results amongst the academic researchers, professors and lecturers, and parents as everybody has a different perspective on the influence and performance on students of the standardized testing. However, the preliminary concept of standardized testing has emerged in order to assess and calculate the knowledge, understanding, and efficiency of students within the academic learning systems that comes under practice in the United States and many other countries. In addition, education systems even exercise the standardized testing with a purpose to establish, form and outline the program of study for the students according to their performance and skills level (Henningfeld, 2007).   Various educational institutions carry out numerous standardized tests as eligibility criteria of admission in the college or school all around the world includes â€Å"Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT), Graduate Management... The statement â€Å"What effect does the pressure of standardized testing have on student expectations and performance?† has come under many studies, researches and theories since it is one of the most vital and significant subject of concern for the youth of twenty first century as they are living in the world of paramount competition. This topic has been under constant discussions and disputes with many controversial results amongst the academic researchers, professors and lecturers, and parents as everybody has a different perspective on the influence and performance on students of the standardized testing. However, the preliminary concept of standardized testing has emerged in order to assess and calculate the knowledge, understanding, and efficiency of students within the academic learning systems that comes under practice in the United States and many other countries. In addition, education systems even exercise the standardized testing with a purpose to establish, form and outline the program of study for the students according to their performance and skills level (Henningfeld, 2007). Various educational institutions carry out numerous standardized tests as eligibility criteria of admission in the college or school all around the world includes â€Å"Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT), Graduate Management Aptitude Tests (GMAT), Law School Admission Testing (LSAT) and Medical College Admission Tests (MCAT) and numerous others† (Henningfeld, 2007).

BIO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

BIO - Essay Example For example, research reveals that the soil is mostly polluted by release of heavy metals by vehicles. It occurs is a number of ways such as fluid leakage, combustion and corrosion of metals. Another issue is marine and coastal pollution. These causes of this problem are human activities, oil spills and sewage (Aslam et al. 316). The third issue is the development of artificial islands; it has been a big concern to environmentalist because of impacts on marine life. The artificial islands in Dubai are likely to damage the growth of reefs and affect native habitat. Additionally, material used to construct the islands affect the water; the water gets dirty (Butler). The UAE is well aware of the mentioned issues, and they are working together with international agencies to curb such issues. Companies operating quarries are regulated by Dubai Municipality. The municipality also measures the quality of air throughout UAE. Pollution from automobiles will be reduced by introduction of cleaner compressed gas. The gas will be available for trucks, buses, and taxis that have been the main contributors to air pollution (Mills). Aslam Junaid, Khan Saeed Ahmad and Khan Sheba Haque. â€Å"Heavy metals contamination in roadside soil near different traffic signals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.† Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 17 (2013): 315–319.

A novel reporter for translational recoding by the Foot-and-mouth Essay

A novel reporter for translational recoding by the Foot-and-mouth disease 2A peptide - Essay Example From this research, it is clear that the primary long-term goal of the project is to determine interactions of release factors specifically needed for the 2A reaction. The method for determining this is genetical to isolate mutations within genes responsible for encoding release factors in the yeast cell that pause the 2A response. Upon synthesis of ubiquitin as part of a polyprotein, it is removed from polyprotein by specific cytosolic proteinases, indicating a new N-terminus to the remainder of the protein. Arginine shows clearly that this protein is degraded urgently as soon as it is degraded. It follows that the stability of an Ade2p portion of the protein depends on the activeness of 2A peptide. The white color of the yeast generates a color-based selection for mutants. This paper makes a conclusion that the larger part of the work undertaken was successful despite, not accomplishing the initial goal of the underlying project. Demonstration of the gap repair process of the PCR and underlying in vivo worked for SUP45. Because of the frequent time constraints, I was incapable of continuing to the massive part of the screen for the sup45 mutants as outlined in the project description. The prevailing project never alters, and the entire work undertook in line with the underlying scope of the initial aim. Nevertheless, the existing work departed described within the original proposal with the choosing yeast strains with the underlying suitable features was fundamental

Finding a solution for Underage Drinking in Miami Essay

Finding a solution for Underage Drinking in Miami - Essay Example In the same population, 24% of them had confessed to have taken alcohol in the past month while 9% reported to have been drunk in the course of the month. This level of consumption is undoubtedly higher than that of other drugs such as tobacco and any other illegal drug. The other concern on alcohol consumption is its high correlation with myriad social, emotional and behavioral problems such as accidents, stealing, depression, involvement in violent behavior, use of illegal drugs and missing school among others (Richard et al 2012). Besides these immediate problems early initiation of alcohol is also associated with complex alcohol related problems in later years. Early consumption of alcohol that is by age 15 also represented a very high likelihood of developing alcohol dependence (Scott Tippetts, et al 2009). This is a likelihood of 4 times more than those who start drinking at age 21. A more current study reveals a similar picture among the youth. A 2005 survey went further and i ndicated that 5400 young people below the age of 16 get initiated to alcohol on a daily basis (Lipperman-Kreda, Grube & Paschall, 2010). These statistics as well as other more recent and growing studies on alcohol consumption reveal a worrying trend among young people. This calls for prompt action to arrest the growing numbers of underage drinkers. This study focuses on finding a long lasting solution which would complement the ongoing efforts to curb underage drinking in Miami. In United States the legal drinking age is 21, yet the number of underage drinkers’ remains high begging several questions, one of these questions is where do these underage drinkers get alcohol? This is mainly worrying as the law demands that no single establishment should sell alcohol to an underage (Main, 2009). Irrespective of this directive 92.2%, 82.6%, and 62% of 12th, 10th, and 8th grades respectively attested to the fact that accessing alcohol was fairly or very easy. The focus on alcohol sup ply and access is fundamental to any study seeking to stop the supply of alcohol to the underage (Lipperman-Kreda, Grube & Paschall, 2010). This is because cutting short the supply is the single most effective means of ensuring that under age drinking is curtailed. Studies reveal that alcohol supply to this group mainly comes from social or economic sources. Economic sources represent commercial establishments dealing with alcohol meaning that some of them blatantly ignore the established laws. In regard to social sources, these are mainly home set ups, where this group accesses alcohol when the adults are absent or during parties (Richard et al 2012). Most effort has been directed to curbing alcohol supply to underage drinkers from the commercial set up. This has been targeted through law and directives which are manifested through compliance checks and cops-in-shops. Similar effort has been made in the social settings through such activity as party dispersal programs (Wachtler, 20 11). The success of these measures has been evident overtime and it would be misleading to point out that these have not helped in deterring use and possession of alcohol by this grouping. Evidence overtime has shown that tackling of underage drinking through stringent laws and policies is quite effective (Maimo & Christopher, 2012). The evidence of this is seen in cases where a given policy is properly enforced, for instance the school anti-smoking policy was seen to